Paper Key : IRJ************480
Author: Olatoye I. Olufemi, Olagoke Ayeni, Olasumbo Esther Olagoke-komolafe
Date Published: 04 Jan 2025
Abstract
The prevalence of Salmonella and other microbial contaminants in egg processing and storage poses significant public health and economic challenges in the United States. This review explores innovative models for managing microbial risks in egg production, processing, and distribution systems. It highlights advanced technologies and strategies that enhance food safety, regulatory compliance, and sustainability. Key approaches include ultraviolet (UV-C) and pulsed light treatments for surface decontamination, high-pressure processing (HPP) for pasteurization, and ozone-based sterilization techniques to reduce microbial loads. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sensors and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive analytics is discussed as a transformative step for real-time monitoring and early detection of contamination. Blockchain-based traceability systems are proposed to improve transparency and accountability across supply chains. Biological interventions, such as probiotics, bacteriophages, and biofilm-disrupting agents, offer promising alternatives to traditional chemical sanitizers. Additionally, smart packaging technologies, incorporating antimicrobial coatings and freshness indicators, support safer storage and extended shelf life. We also examine regulatory frameworks, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Safety Rule and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) protocols, identifying gaps in enforcement and compliance. Recommendations for integrating innovative models with existing practices emphasize continuous risk assessment, workforce training, and collaborative industry partnerships. Performance metrics and adaptive monitoring systems are proposed to assess effectiveness and respond to emerging risks, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Ultimately, this review provides a roadmap for modernizing microbial risk management in the U.S. egg industry, ensuring consumer safety, regulatory alignment, and operational efficiency. Future directions focus on AI-based analytics and global harmonization of standards to advance microbial safety strategies and promote sustainable practices in egg processing and storage systems.
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