Paper Key : IRJ************559
Author: Mr Ruban Palanisamyy
Date Published: 01 Dec 2024
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin, and is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. It accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths due to its high metastatic potential. The primary cause of melanoma is excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources, which induces DNA damage in skin cells. Other contributing factors include genetic predisposition, fair skin, presence of numerous moles or atypical nevi, and a history of sunburns. Genetic mutations in key pathways, such as BRAF and NRAS, also play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Early detection and prevention strategies, including sun protection and skin surveillance, are critical in reducing melanoma incidence and improving outcomes. This abstract highlights the multifactorial etiology of melanoma, emphasizing the importance of both environmental and genetic factors.Keywords: Malignant tumor , skin cancer , genetic predisposition , ultraviolet (UV) radiation .