Paper Key : IRJ************697
Author: Mr Ruban Palanisamyy
Date Published: 01 Dec 2024
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare, malignant tumor of the retina that predominantly affects young children, often before the age of 5. It arises due to mutations in the RB1 gene, leading to the uncontrolled growth of retinal cells. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserving vision and improving survival outcomes. Modern treatments for retinoblastoma have advanced significantly, combining systemic therapies with local interventions. Key treatment modalities include chemotherapy (intra-arterial, systemic, and intraocular), focal therapies such as laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and thermotherapy, as well as advanced surgical options, including enucleation in severe cases. Recent developments also highlight the use of targeted therapies and gene therapies to address the underlying genetic mutations. These advancements have significantly improved the prognosis, reducing the need for enucleation and preserving vision in many cases. Additionally, the use of genetic counseling plays a vital role in understanding familial RB and preventing secondary malignancies. This abstract explores the evolution of retinoblastoma treatments, the integration of cutting-edge therapies, and future prospects for improved patient outcomes.Keywords : malignant tumor , young children , uncontrolled growth , thermotherapy , cryotherapy .