Paper Key : IRJ************219
Author: Gadekar Madhuri Dnyaneshwar
Date Published: 05 Jan 2025
Abstract
A cardiac pacemaker is a tiny battery-powered device that sends electrical signals to the heart to ensure steady beats. Pacemakers come in three types based on active leads: single chamber, dual chamber, and bi-ventricular. Their programming can be fixed-rate, 'on demand', or rate-responsive. The device's operating mode depends on which chamber it paces and senses, how it reacts to sensed signals, and its rate adjustment. Pacing can be unipolar or bipolar, each showing different patterns in ECG readings. On the skin, pacing pulses have very quick rise times, often under 10 s, and may be as small as a few hundred V. Detecting these pacing signs is crucial as they show a pacemaker's presence and help assess the heart's response. All relevant medical guidelines require devices to capture and display these pacing markers. This article offers a brief overview of pacemakers why they're used, device types, various operating modes, and pacing signals. It also highlights some common challenges in spotting pacemaker artifacts.