Paper Key : IRJ************994
Author: Dregamberdieva ,Swaminathgoswami Goswami ,Jay Prakash Patel ,Deependra Sen ,Saima Siddiqua
Date Published: 04 Apr 2025
Abstract
AbstractAcute pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. It is primarily caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae being the most common bacterial culprits. Despite advancements in medical science, pneumonia remains a significant public health issue, particularly in low-resource settings. This paper explores the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for acute pneumonia in young children. Through modeling and data analysis, we examine the burden of pneumonia, risk factors, and the effectiveness of preventive measures such as vaccination, improved nutrition, and hygiene. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis, timely antibiotic therapy, and supportive care in reducing complications and mortality. Finally, we discuss future directions in pneumonia research, including vaccine development and antimicrobial resistance management. I. IntroductionAcute pneumonia is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases affecting young children, particularly in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia accounts for approximately 14% of all deaths in children under five years old, making it the leading infectious cause of childhood mortality. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in alveolar consolidation and impaired gas exchange.The etiology of pneumonia varies depending on geographical location, age, nutritional status, and immunization history. Bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus, while viral pneumonia is associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and adenovirus. In immunocompromised children, fungal pathogens like Pneumocystis jirovecii can also contribute to pneumonia.This article explores the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, and preventive measures for acute pneumonia in young children. Additionally, we present an analysis of pneumonia-related hospital admissions and outcomes to assess trends and risk factors associated with the disease.
DOI Requested