Paper Key : IRJ************211
Author: Vishakha Bharat Sonavane
Date Published: 12 Nov 2024
Abstract
Solubility, which refers to the process by which a solute integrates into a solvent under defined conditions to create a uniform mixture, is a vital factor in attaining the appropriate concentration of a drug within systemic circulation, a prerequisite for producing the desired pharmacological response. This review primarily addresses the enhancement of solubility for BCS Class II drugs, known for their low solubility and dissolution rates. As a result, improving the solubility of nearly insoluble drugs poses a considerable challenge in the development of pharmaceutical active ingredients, as insufficient solubility heightens the likelihood of setbacks in drug innovation and development. The solubility of a drug plays a crucial role in various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects, including absorption, distribution, and protein binding. Oral formulations represent more than 50% of pharmaceutical dosage forms, highlighting the necessity for drug molecules to exhibit water solubility. To achieve effective therapeutic outcomes at the intended site, both solubility and bioavailability are critical. Consequently, advancements in chemical sciences have emphasized the importance of developing pharmaceutical technologies that enhance patient adherence to medication regimens. This article seeks to delineate a range of techniques for improving solubility, utilizing both conventional and innovative methods such as pH modification, micronization, homogenization, salt formation, lyophilization, hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation, melt sonocrystallization, and the prodrug strategy, all aimed at facilitating effective absorption and enhancing bioavailability.