Paper Key : IRJ************773
Author: Mr. Shinde Shubham Bhagunath ,Mr. Gosavi Sarthak Abhay ,Miss. Bansode Bhakti Ravindra ,Miss. Nehe Rutuja Balasaheb
Date Published: 18 Nov 2024
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic condition, has been gradually rising. Due to this trend, the disease is quickly spreading to other parts of the world and is predicted to affect twice as many people in the next ten years as a result of an aging population. This will increase the burden already placed on healthcare providers, particularly in less developed nations. The Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, Medline, and citation lists of pertinent papers were searched in order to compile the basis for this review. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, prevalence, current diagnosis, and current therapy are included in the subject heading and key terms. criteria from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) that take into account both laboratory and clinical data. Although there is currently no known cure for the condition, treatment options include changing one's lifestyle, managing obesity, taking oral hypoglycemic medications, and using insulin sensitizers like metformin, a biguanide that lowers insulin resistance. Metformin is still the first-line medication that is advised, particularly for patients who are obese. Other useful drugs include insulin, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and non-sulfonylurea secretagogues. New drugs such as glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, insulin-releasing glucokinase activators, inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty acid receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output, and quick-release bromocriptine have been developed as a result of recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite having a 2006 license to be used, inhaled insulin has been taken off the market due to minimal customer demand.